9th Circuit Determines Ceremonial Prayer During School Board Meeting Violates Establishment Clause
I. SUMMARY In a recent decision,1 the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit held that a school district’s policy of opening board meetings with prayer violates the Establishment Clause of the United States Constitution. The 9th Circuit held that unlike ceremonial prayers before legislative bodies that are generally constitutional, such prayers in […]
California Supreme Court Upholds City’s Transfer of Funds from its Utility Enterprise Fund to its General Fund
I. SUMMARY Recently, the California Supreme Court ruled in favor of the City of Redding in upholding the city’s annual transfer of funds from its electric utility enterprise fund to its general fund to compensate the city for its costs in providing services to the utility.1 This transfer, called a “payment in lieu of taxes” […]