Vol. 38 No. 6 LETHAL FORCE USED BY OFFICERS AGAINST PERSON ARMED WITH REPLICA GUN WAS JUSTIFIED WHERE THEY REASONABLY BELIEVED THE GUN WAS REAL AND PRESENTED AN IMMEDIATE THREAT WHEN POINTED AT THEM

In Estate of Strickland v. Nevada Cnty.,[1] the Ninth Circuit concluded that it was objectively reasonable for officers to believe a black toy airsoft replica rifle pointed in their direction by a person known to have mental health issues presented an immediate threat justifying the use of deadly force. Background In December 2019, Gabriel Strickland […]

Vol. 38 No. 8 QUALIFIED IMMUNITY APPLIED TO OFFICERS’ WARRANTLESS IN-HOME ARREST WHERE OFFICERS WERE RESPONDING TO A POTENTIAL KIDNAPPING

In Hill v. City of Fountain Valley,[1] the Ninth Circuit concluded that although officers likely did not have probable cause to arrest a plaintiff for obstruction, qualified immunity shielded the officers from liability because there was no clearly established law at the time forbidding their actions, given the plaintiff’s evasive behavior that appeared to interfere […]

Vol. 38 No. 9 USE OF FORCE PREDICATED ON SUSPICION OF IMPENDING CRIMINAL ACTIVITY WAS NOT SUFFICIENT BASIS FOR DENYING QUALIFIED IMMUNITY FROM CLAIMS BASED ON THOSE ACTS BECAUSE IT WAS OBJECTIVELY REASONABLE

In Hopson v. Alexander,[1] the Ninth Circuit held that police detectives were entitled to qualified immunity in an action alleging excessive force under 42 U.S.C. section 1983.  The detectives had approached a parked vehicle with guns pointed and forcibly removed the occupants without first identifying themselves as law enforcement officers because of their suspicion of […]

Vol. 38 No. 10 A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER MUST HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT A PERSON IS ON ACTIVE PAROLE BEFORE CONDUCTING A SUSPICION-LESS SEARCH OR SEIZURE PURSUANT TO A PAROLE CONDITION

In United States v. Estrella,[1] the Ninth Circuit held that a law enforcement officer must have probable cause to believe that a person is on active parole before conducting a suspicionless search or seizure pursuant to a parole condition, but that officer need not have ongoing day-by-day awareness of person’s parole status. Background In 2015, […]

Vol. 38 No. 5 WHERE STATE ACTORS LEFT TEN-MONTH-OLD TWINS IN A MORE DANGEROUS SITUATION THAN THE ONE IN WHICH THEY FOUND THEM, THE STATE-CREATED DANGER EXCEPTION APPLIED

In a 2-1 decision, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals concluded that plaintiffs adequately stated their 42 U.S.C. section 1983 claims against a police sergeant under the state-created danger exception.  In Murguia v. Langdon,[1] the majority found that the plaintiffs adequately alleged a police sergeant knew that a mother’s mental health crisis posed a serious […]

Vol. 32 No. 1 MARTIN J. MAYER’S PASSING

It is with the deepest of sadness and grief that the Law Offices of Jones & Mayer informs you of the unexpected passing of Martin J. Mayer; simply known as “Marty” to thousands of you throughout the state and to those of us in the Jones & Mayer family. Marty was found unresponsive at his […]